docs: Add esp8266 quick reference page, with basic info.

docs/esp8266/quickref.rst

+.. _quickref:
+
+Quick reference for the ESP8266
+===============================
+
+.. image:: https://learn.adafruit.com/system/assets/assets/000/028/689/medium640/adafruit_products_pinoutstop.jpg
+    :alt: Adafruit Feather HUZZAH board
+    :width: 640px
+
+The Adafruit Feather HUZZAH board (image attribution: Adafruit).
+
+General board control
+---------------------
+
+Tab-completion is useful to find out what methods an object has.
+Paste mode (ctrl-E) is useful to paste a large slab of Python code into
+the REPL.
+
+The ``machine`` module::
+
+    import machine
+
+    machine.freq()          # get the current frequency of the CPU
+    machine.freq(160000000) # set the CPU frequency to 160 MHz
+
+The ``esp`` module::
+
+    import esp
+
+    esp.osdebug(None)       # turn off vendor O/S debugging messages
+    esp.osdebug(0)          # redirect vendor O/S debugging messages to UART(0)
+
+Networking
+----------
+
+The ``network`` module::
+
+    import network
+
+    wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) # create station interface
+    wlan.active(True)       # activate the interface
+    wlan.scan()             # scan for access points
+    wlan.isconnected()      # check if the station is connected to an AP
+    wlan.connect('essid', 'password') # connect to an AP
+    wlan.mac()              # get the interface's MAC adddress
+    wlan.ifconfig()         # get the interface's IP/netmask/gw/DNS addresses
+
+    ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF) # create access-point interface
+    ap.active(True)         # activate the interface
+    ap.config(essid='ESP-AP') # set the ESSID of the access point
+
+A useful function for connecting to your local WiFi network is::
+
+    def do_connect():
+        import network
+        wlan = network.WLAN(wlan.STA_IF)
+        wlan.active(True)
+        if not wlan.isconnected():
+            print('connecting to network...')
+             wlan.connect('essid', 'password')
+             while not wlan.isconnected():
+                 pass
+         print('network config:', wlan.ifconfig())
+
+Once the network is established the ``socket`` module can be used
+to create and use TCP/UDP sockets as usual.
+
+Delay and timing
+----------------
+
+Use the ``time`` module::
+
+    import time
+
+    time.sleep(1)           # sleep for 1 second
+    time.sleep_ms(500)      # sleep for 500 milliseconds
+    time.sleep_us(10)       # sleep for 10 microseconds
+    start = time.ticks_ms() # get millisecond counter
+    delta = time.ticks_diff(start, time.ticks_ms()) # compute time difference
+
+Timers
+------
+
+Use the ``machine.Timer`` class::
+
+    from machine import Timer
+
+    tim = Timer(0)
+    tim.init(period=10, mode=Timer.ONE_SHOT, callback=lambda t:print(1))
+    tim.init(period=1, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t:print(2))
+
+Pins and GPIO
+-------------
+
+Use the ``machine.Pin`` class::
+
+    from machine import Pin
+
+    p0 = Pin(0, Pin.OUT)    # create output pin on GPIO0
+    p0.high()               # set pin to high
+    p0.low()                # set pin to low
+    p0.value(1)             # set pin to high
+
+    p2 = Pin(2, Pin.IN)     # create input pin on GPIO2
+    print(p2.value())       # get value, 0 or 1
+
+    p4 = Pin(4, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) # enable internal pull-up resistor
+    p5 = Pin(5, Pin.OUT, value=1) # set pin high on creation
+
+Available pins are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.
+Note that Pin(1) and Pin(3) are REPL UART TX and RX respectively.
+
+PWM (pulse width modulation)
+----------------------------
+
+PWM can be enabled on all pins except Pin(16).  There is a single frequency
+for all channels, with range between 1 and 1000 (measured in Hz).  The duty
+cycle is between 0 and 1023 inclusive.
+
+Use the ``machine.PWM`` class::
+
+    from machine import Pin, PWM
+
+    pwm0 = PWM(Pin(0))      # create PWM object from a pin
+    pwm0.freq()             # get current frequency
+    pwm0.freq(1000)         # set frequency
+    pwm0.duty()             # get current duty cycle
+    pwm0.duty(200)          # set duty cycle
+    pwm0.deinit()           # turn off PWM on the pin
+
+    pwm2 = PWM(Pin(2), freq=500, duty=512) # create and configure in one go
+
+ADC (analog to digital conversion)
+----------------------------------
+
+ADC is available on a dedicated pin.
+Note that input voltages on the ADC pin must be between 0v and 1.0v.
+
+Use the ``machine.ADC`` class::
+
+    from machine import ADC
+
+    adc = ADC(0)            # create ADC object on ADC pin
+    adc.read()              # read value, 0-1024
+
+SPI bus
+-------
+
+The SPI driver is implemented in software and works on all pins::
+
+    from machine import Pin, SPI
+
+    # construct an SPI bus on the given pins
+    # polarity is the idle state of SCK
+    # phase=0 means sample on the first edge of SCK, phase=1 means the second
+    spi = SPI(baudrate=100000, polarity=1, phase=0, sck=Pin(0), mosi=Pin(2), miso=Pin(4))
+
+    spi.init(baudrate=200000) # set the baudrate
+
+    spi.read(10)            # read 10 bytes on MISO
+    spi.read(10, 0xff)      # read 10 bytes while outputing 0xff on MOSI
+
+    buf = bytearray(50)     # create a buffer
+    spi.readinto(buf)       # read into the given buffer (reads 50 bytes in this case)
+    spi.readinto(buf, 0xff) # read into the given buffer and output 0xff on MOSI
+
+    spi.write(b'12345')     # write 5 bytes on MOSI
+
+    buf = bytearray(4)      # create a buffer
+    spi.write_readinto(b'1234', buf) # write to MOSI and read from MISO into the buffer
+    spi.write_readinto(buf, buf) # write buf to MOSI and read MISO back into buf
+
+I2C bus
+-------
+
+The I2C driver is implemented in software and works on all pins::
+
+    from machine import Pin, I2C
+
+    # construct an I2C bus
+    i2c = I2C(frequency=100000, scl=Pin(5), sda=Pin(4))
+
+    i2c.writeto(0x3a, '12') # write '12' to slave device with address 0x3a
+
+    buf = bytearray(10)     # create a buffer with 10 bytes
+    i2c.writeto(0x3a, buf)  # write the given buffer to the slave
+
+    i2c.writeto(0x3a, buf, stop=False) # don't send a stop bit after writing
+
+OneWire driver
+--------------
+
+The OneWire driver is implemented in software and works on all pins::
+
+    from machine import Pin
+    import onewire
+
+    ow = onewire.OneWire(Pin(12)) # create a OneWire bus on GPIO12
+    ow.scan()               # return a list of devices on the bus
+    ow.reset()              # reset the bus
+    ow.read_byte()          # read a byte
+    ow.read_bytes(5)        # read 5 bytes
+    ow.write_byte(0x12)     # write a byte on the bus
+    ow.write_bytes('123')   # write bytes on the bus
+    ow.select_rom(b'12345678') # select a specific device by its ROM code
+
+There is a specific driver for DS18B20 devices::
+
+    import time
+    ds = onewire.DS18B20(ow)
+    roms = ds.scan()
+    ds.start_measure()
+    time.sleep_ms(750)
+    for rom in roms:
+        print(ds.get_temp(rom))
+
+Be sure to put a 4.7k pull-up resistor on the data line.
+
+NeoPixel driver
+---------------
+
+Use the ``neopixel`` module::
+
+    from machine import Pin
+    import neopixel
+
+    pin = Pin(0, Pin.OUT)   # set GPIO0 to output to drive NeoPixels
+    np = NeoPixel(pin, 8)   # create NeoPixel driver on GPIO0 for 8 pixels
+    np[0] = (255, 255, 255) # set the first pixel to white
+    np.write()              # write data to all pixels
+    r, g, b = np[0]         # get first pixel colour
+
+    neopixel.demo(np)       # run a demo
+
+For low-level driving of a NeoPixel::
+
+    import esp
+    esp.neopixel_write(pin, grb_buf, is800khz)

docs/esp8266_contents.rst

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ MicroPython documentation contents
 
 .. toctree::
 
+    esp8266/quickref.rst
     library/index.rst
     reference/index.rst
     license.rst

docs/esp8266_index.rst

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ MicroPython documentation and references
 
 .. toctree::
 
+    esp8266/quickref.rst
     library/index.rst
     license.rst
     esp8266_contents.rst