Python defines warnings as belonging to categories, where category is a
warning type (descending from exception type). This is useful, as e.g.
allows to disable warnings selectively and provide user-defined warning
types.  So, implement this in MicroPython, except that categories are
represented just with strings.  However, enough hooks are left to implement
categories differently per-port (e.g. as types), without need to patch each
and every usage.

With clock bypass enabled the attached SD card is clocked at the maximum
48MHz.  But some SD cards are unreliable at these rates.  Although it's
nice to have high speed transfers it's more important that the transfers
are reliable for all cards.  So disable this clock bypass option.

Enable in mpconfigboard.h via #define MBOOT_USB_AUTODETECT_USB (1).
Requires MICROPY_HW_USB_FS and MICROPY_HW_USB_HS to be enabled as well.

Fixes issue #4445.

Otherwise the STA interface can't do DTIM sleeping correctly and power
consumption goes up.

Use of "waiti 0" reduces power consumption by about 3mA compared to a
time.sleep_ms call.

While keeping machine.sleep as an alias for machine.lightsleep for
backwards compatibility.

While keeping machine.sleep as an alias for machine.lightsleep for
backwards compatibility.

Fixes issue #4441.

This way the UART REPL does not need the MicroPython heap and exists
outside the MicroPython runtime, allowing characters to still be received
during a soft reset.

Auto-detection of the crystal frequency is convenient and allows for a
single binary for many different boards.  But it can be unreliable in
certain situations so in production, for a given board, it's recommended to
configure the correct fixed frequency.

Otherwise they will keep triggering the callback and access invalid data on
the heap.

Configuration for the build is now specified using sdkconfig rather than
sdkconfig.h, which allows for much easier configuration with defaults from
the ESP IDF automatically applied.  sdkconfig.h is generated using the new
ESP IDF kconfig_new tool written in Python.  Custom configuration for a
particular ESP32 board can be specified via the make variable SDKCONFIG.

The esp32.common.ld file is also now generated using the standard ESP IDF
ldgen.py tool.

When the ESP IDF builds a project it puts all separate components into
separate .a library archives.  And then the esp32.common.ld linker script
references these .a libraries by explicit name to put certain object files
in iRAM.

This patch does a similar thing for the custom build system used here,
putting all IDF .o's into their respective .a.  So a custom linker script
is no longer needed.

ISR's no longer need to be in iRAM, and the ESP IDF provides an option to
specify that they are in iRAM if an application needs lower latency when
handling them.  But we don't use this feature for user interrupts: both
timer and gpio ISR routines are registered without the ESP_INTR_FLAG_IRAM
option, and so the scheduling code no longer needs to be in iRAM.

To make the try-finally block self contained.

The new compile-time option is MICROPY_HW_USB_MAX_POWER_MA.  Set this in
the board configuration file to the maximum current in mA that the board
will draw over USB.  The default is 500mA.

The new compile-time option is MICROPY_HW_USB_SELF_POWERED.  Set this
option to 1 in the board configuration file to indicate that the USB device
is self powered.  This option is disabled by default (previous behaviour).

It can be that LSEON and LSERDY are set yet the RTC is not enabled (this
can happen for example when coming out of the ST DFU mode on an F405 with
the RTC not previously initialised).  In such a case the RTC is never
started because the code thinks it's already running.  This patch fixes
this case by always checking if RTCEN is set when booting up (and also
testing for a valid RTCSEL value in the case of using an LSE).

Configurable via MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_NEXT2, disabled by default.

Commit a0d97fe4 changed the argument index
of ca_certs but missed updating one of the references to the new index.

One can't use pthread calls in a signal handler because they are not
async-signal-safe (see man signal-safety).  Instead, sem_post can be used
to post from within a signal handler and this should be more efficient than
using a busy wait loop, waiting on a volatile variable.

Free unused memory for threads and cancel any outstanding threads on
interpreter exit to avoid possible segmentaiton fault.

This header is deprecated as of mbedtls 2.8.0, as shipped with Ubuntu
18.04.  Leads to #warning which is promoted to error with uPy compile
options.

Note that the current version of mbedtls is 2.14 at the time of writing.

The machine.sleep() function can be misleading because it clashes with
time.sleep() which has quite different semantics.  So change it to
machine.lightsleep() which shows that it is closer in behaviour to
machine.deepsleep().

Also, add an optional argument to these two sleep functions to specify a
maximum time to sleep for.  This is a common operation and underlying
hardware usually has a special way of performing this operation.

The existing machine.sleep() function will remain for backwards
compatibility purposes, and it can simply be an alias for
machine.lightsleep() without arguments.  The behaviour will be the same.

If MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_LOAD or MICROPY_ENABLE_COMPILER are enabled then
code gets enabled that calls file reading functions which may be disabled
if no readers have been implemented.

To fix this, introduce a MICROPY_HAS_FILE_READER variable, which is
automatically set if MICROPY_READER_POSIX or MICROPY_READER_VFS is set but
can also be manually set if a custom reader is being implemented.  Then
disable the file reading calls if this is not set.

Major changes include robust parsing of erroneous compressed streams and
updated API.

Otherwise MICROPY_VERSION_STRING includes these parentheses in the string.

This port has been verified to work with these latest changes.