The parser was originally written to work without raising any exceptions
and instead return an error value to the caller.  But it's now required
that a call to the parser be wrapped in an nlr handler, so we may as well
make use of that fact and simplify the parser so that it doesn't need to
keep track of any memory errors that it had.  The parser anyway explicitly
raises an exception at the end if there was an error.

This patch simplifies the parser by letting the underlying memory
allocation functions raise an exception if they fail to allocate any
memory.  And if there is an error parsing the "<id> = const(<val>)" pattern
then that also raises an exception right away instead of trying to recover
gracefully and then raise.

Previous to this patch any non-interned str/bytes objects would create a
special parse node that held a copy of the str/bytes data.  Then in the
compiler this data would be turned into a str/bytes object.  This actually
lead to 2 copies of the data, one in the parse node and one in the object.
The parse node's copy of the data would be freed at the end of the compile
stage but nevertheless it meant that the peak memory usage of the
parse/compile stage was higher than it needed to be (by an amount equal to
the number of bytes in all the non-interned str/bytes objects).

This patch changes the behaviour so that str/bytes objects are created
directly in the parser and the object stored in a const-object parse node
(which already exists for bignum, float and complex const objects).  This
reduces peak RAM usage of the parse/compile stage, simplifies the parser
and compiler, and reduces code size by about 170 bytes on Thumb2 archs,
and by about 300 bytes on Xtensa archs.

This patch allows uPy consts to be bignums, eg:

    X = const(1 << 100)

The infrastructure for consts to be a bignum (rather than restricted to
small integers) has been in place for a while, ever since constant folding
was upgraded to allow bignums.  It just required a small change (in this
patch) to enable it.

It's configurable by defining MICROPY_PY_UERRNO_LIST.  If this is not
defined then a default is provided.

It's configured by MICROPY_PY_UERRNO_ERRORCODE and enabled by default
(since that's the behaviour before this patch).

Without this dict the lookup of errno codes to strings must use the
uerrno module itself.

Before this patch, assigning anything other than a list would lead to a
crash.  Fixes issue #2886.

Since the recent changes to string/bytes literal concatenation, this rule
is no longer used.

It's much more efficient in RAM and code size to do implicit literal string
concatenation in the lexer, as opposed to the compiler.

RAM usage is reduced because the concatenation can be done right away in the
tokeniser by just accumulating the string/bytes literals into the lexer's
vstr.  Prior to this patch adjacent strings/bytes would create a parse tree
(one node per string/bytes) and then in the compiler a whole new chunk of
memory was allocated to store the concatenated string, which used more than
double the memory compared to just accumulating in the lexer.

This patch also significantly reduces code size:

bare-arm: -204
minimal:  -204
unix x64: -328
stmhal:   -208
esp8266:  -284
cc3200:   -224

Previous to this patch there was an explicit check for errors with line
continuation (where backslash was not immediately followed by a newline).

But this check is not necessary: if there is an error then the remaining
logic of the tokeniser will reject the backslash and correctly produce a
syntax error.

Since the table of keywords is sorted, we can use strcmp to do the search
and stop part way through the search if the comparison is less-than.

Because all tokens that are names are subject to this search, this
optimisation will improve the overall speed of the lexer when processing
a script.

The change also decreases code size by a little bit because we now use
strcmp instead of the custom str_strn_equal function.

Keywords only needs to be searched for if the token is a MP_TOKEN_NAME, so
we can move the seach to the part of the code that does the tokenising for
MP_TOKEN_NAME.

It's not needed.

Grammar rules have 2 variants: ones that are attached to a specific
compile function which is called to compile that grammar node, and ones
that don't have a compile function and are instead just inspected to see
what form they take.

In the compiler there is a table of all grammar rules, with each entry
having a pointer to the associated compile function.  Those rules with no
compile function have a null pointer.  There are 120 such rules, so that's
120 words of essentially wasted code space.

By grouping together the compile vs no-compile rules we can put all the
no-compile rules at the end of the list of rules, and then we don't need
to store the null pointers.  We just have a truncated table and it's
guaranteed that when indexing this table we only index the first half,
the half with populated pointers.

This patch implements such a grouping by having a specific macro for the
compile vs no-compile grammar rules (DEF_RULE vs DEF_RULE_NC).  It saves
around 460 bytes of code on 32-bit archs.

In these cases the heap is anyway used to create a new object so no real
need to use the C stack for iterating.  It saves a few bytes of code size.

The extra 4 slots correspond to the iterator object stored on the stack.

So that the "for x in it: ..." statement can now work without using the
heap (so long as the iterator argument fits in an iter_buf structure).

Allows to iterate over the following without allocating on the heap:
- tuple
- list
- string, bytes
- bytearray, array
- dict (not dict.keys, dict.values, dict.items)
- set, frozenset

Allows to call the following without heap memory:
- all, any, min, max, sum

TODO: still need to allocate stack memory in bytecode for iter_buf.